What is microscopic evaluation?
By Sarah Oconnor
What is microscopic evaluation?
Microscopic evaluation – This method allows more detailed examination of a drug and it can be used to identify the organised drugs by their known histological characters. It is mostly used for qualitative evaluation of organised crude drugs in entire and powdered forms.
What is the purpose of microscopic drug analysis?
In summary, microscopic analysis is a useful tool in pharmaceutical development and manufacture controls in order to improve the quality of pharmaceutical products.
What is importance of microscopy in herbal drugs?
It is necessary for the detection of adulterants and contaminants of the herbal preparations and thus provides means for assessing the authenticity and quality of herbal drugs.
Which are the parameters used in microscopic evaluation of leaves?
Leaf constants.
| No | Parameters | Value (in 1mm2 area) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Average stomatal number in 25 different fields (400×) | 130 |
| 2 | Stomatal index (4000×) lower suface | 15.6-18.5 |
| 3 | Vein-islet number (50×) | 16-18-20 |
| 4 | Vein-termination number (50×) | 10-12-14 |
How microscopical evaluation is performed?
The techniques like microscopic linear measurements, determination of leaf constants and quantitative microscopy are also used in this evaluation. Linear measurements include size of starch grains, length and width of fibres, trichomes, etc. mm of epidermis of the leaf.
What is the stomatal index?
Stomatal index (I) is the average number of stomatal cells per square millimeter of the epidermis of the leaf. In other words, it is the percentage of the number of stomatal cells present to the total number of epidermal cells.
What is the importance of microscope in botany?
The microscope is important because biology mainly deals with the study of cells (and their contents), genes, and all organisms. Some organisms are so small that they can only be seen by using magnifications of ×2000−×25000 , which can only be achieved by a microscope.
What is Lycopodium spore method?
Validated modified lycopodium spore method has been developed for simple and rapid quantification of herbal powdered drugs. This method gives the ratio of individual ingredients in the powdered drug so that any adulteration of genuine drug with its adulterant can be found out.
What is Palisade ratio?
The palisade ratio is the average number of palisade cells that occur beneath an epidermal cell. The palisade ratio of many plants remains constant regardless of geographical location of the plant.
How do you calculate Palisade ratio?
Palisade ratio is the average number of palisade cells under one epidermal cell….EVALUATION OF CRUDE DRUGS, MONO OR POLYHERBAL FORMULATION.
| Species | Palisade ratio |
|---|---|
| Datura tatula | 4 to 7 |
Why do we calculate stomatal index?
The index is used to compensate for the differences in stomatal density between sun and shade leaves, dry-climate and wet-climate leaves of the same species, and in the reconstruction of past levels of CO2.
