What does adiponectin do?
By Gabriel Cooper
What does adiponectin do?
Adiponectin is a fat-derived hormone that appears to play a crucial role in protecting against insulin resistance/diabetes and atherosclerosis. Decreased adiponectin levels are thought to play a central role in the development of type 2 diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease in humans.
What is macrophage infiltration?
Some studies suggest that macrophage infiltration is for clearance of dead adipocytes in the adipose tissue (10, 45). Except for chronic inflammation and clearance of dead cells, the biological significance of macrophage infiltration remains largely unknown in the adipose tissue.
How are adipokines formed?
Per definition, adipokines are produced by adipocytes, which are closely related to fibroblasts. In chronic inflammatory systemic diseases, most interest was devoted to leptin. Leptin from the adipose tissue is stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF and IL-1β.
Is IL-6 an adipokine?
In addition to leptin, TNF and IL-6, more recently identified adipokines that promote inflammation include resistin, retinol-binding protein 4 (RbP4), lipocalin 2, IL-18, angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2), CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), CXC-chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5) and nicotinamide phospho ribosyltransferase ( …
What do adipokines do?
Adipokines, that is factors secreted by adipose tissue, act through a network of autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine pathways to regulate several aspects of physiology, including glucose and lipid metabolism, neuroendocrine function, reproduction, and cardiovascular function.
What is adipokines function?
At the whole-body level, adipokines are important regulators of appetite and satiety, energy expenditure, inflammation, blood pressure, hemostasis, endothelial function influence, insulin sensitivity, and energy metabolism in insulin-sensitive tissues, such as liver, muscle, and fat, as well as insulin secretion in …
