How does cisplatin cause ototoxicity?

Ototoxic drugs, such as cisplatin have been shown to increase the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Clerici and Yang, 1996; Kopke et al., 1997) by either stimulating enzyme systems linked to this process or by inactivating antioxidant systems (Church et al., 1995; Rybak et al., 1995).

How common is ototoxicity with cisplatin?

Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent with a high degree of ototoxicity and an average incidence of over 60% (Karasawa and Steyger, 2015).

Is hearing loss from cisplatin permanent?

It is used to treat a wide variety of solid tumors in both pediatric and adult patients with cancer. The incidence that you see of cisplatin-induced hearing loss varies widely, but around 50% of all patients treated with cisplatin will experience a significant, permanent hearing loss.

How does cisplatin affect hearing?

But cisplatin and other similar platinum-containing drugs can damage the cochlea, leaving 40%–80% of adults, and at least 50% of children, with significant permanent hearing loss, a condition that can greatly affect quality of life.

Why does cisplatin cause nephrotoxicity?

Cisplatin nephrotoxicity is the composite result of the transport of cisplatin into renal epithelial cells, injury to nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, activation of a multiple cell death and survival pathways and initiation of a robust inflammatory response.

Can hearing loss from chemo be reversed?

Although many efforts have been made to identify useful therapies to reverse the hearing loss, nothing is currently approved. You may be offered steroid medication if you notice hearing loss, which could offer potential benefit for some people.

Does cisplatin cause ringing in the ears?

Hearing loss affects one in five patients treated with cisplatin and nearly one in five patients with carboplatin, Dr. Schink says. The drugs also are associated with tinnitus, a condition that causes noise or ringing in the ears. Hearing loss or tinnitus caused by the drugs typically doesn’t go away.

Can you go deaf from chemo?

One of the potential negative effects of chemotherapy that you may not be aware of is hearing loss. Hearing loss caused by chemotherapy is generally considered a type of sudden hearing loss, so monitoring hearing before and after treatment with hearing tests is important.

Can chemo cause hearing loss?

Some types of chemotherapy can damage your inner ear. These include platinum-based drugs such as cisplatin (Platinol) and carboplatin (Paraplatin). Tinnitus is often the first sign of this type of damage. You might also lose hearing when the drug damages the inner ear cells.

Does cisplatin cause acute tubular necrosis?

The pathophysiology of cisplatin-induced AKI involves proximal tubular injury, oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular injury in the kidney. There is predominantly acute tubular necrosis and also apoptosis in the proximal tubules.

Can cisplatin cause permanent kidney damage?

Patients who receive a single dose of cisplatin may suffer from reversible kidney injury, while large doses or multiple courses of treatment may cause irreversible renal failure [9].

What is the rate of cisplatin ototoxicity?

Reported rates of cisplatin ototoxicity vary widely, though it is believed that at least half of all patients treated with cisplatin will suffer hearing loss. As cisplatin is widely used, this rate of ototoxicity translates to hundreds of thousands of patients affected each year in the United States alone. chemo, cancer, hearing loss

What is Cisplatin (cis-platinum)?

In fact, the name cisplatin (“cis-platinum”) is derived from the platinum that gives the drug its cancer-killing properties. This core platinum allowed us to measure tissue concentrations of cisplatin using a highly sensitive technique for detecting metals known as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

Does cisplatin cause neurosensory hearing loss?

Cisplatin is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent that is widely used to treat solid organ malignancies. However, serious side effects have been associated with its use, such as bilateral, progressive, irreversible, dose-dependent neurosensory hearing loss.

How long does cisplatin stay in the cochlear cochlea?

However, cisplatin remained in the cochlea for much longer, showing no significant decrease in concentration even two months later. We went on to analyze postmortem inner ear tissue from human patients who had received cisplatin, and we found that the drug was retained in their cochleae even 18 months after treatment.